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Rhythm
A repeating pattern of spacing that gives a layout flow.
Rhythm in design is like rhythm in music. It comes from repeating the same intervals — same gap between cards, same line height, same padding on every button.
Consistent rhythm makes a complex layout feel calm. Broken rhythm is jarring even if you cannot pinpoint what is wrong. Pick a spacing scale and stick to it.
Vertical rhythm is rhythm down the page — paragraph spacing, section gaps, and button heights all snap to the same baseline. It is the single biggest reason a long page feels calm to scroll.